Manifolds and manifold systems are fluid-distribution devices. They range from simple supply chambers with several outlets to multi-chambered flow control units including integral valves and interfaces to electronic networks.  Manifolds and manifold systems are configured for several outlets sharing one inlet or supply chamber; exhaust manifolds can have several inlets sharing one exhaust port. They may have one or more shared supply chambers and any number of outlets. Complex pneumatic and hydraulic circuits can utilize manifolds and manifold systems with interfaces to sophisticated electronic networks.  Applications, port specifications, flow and pressure specifications, manifold circuit style, and valve specifications are all important parameters to consider when searching for manifolds.  Additional specifications to consider for manifolds and manifold systems include communication network, body materials, features, and operating temperature.

Common applications for manifolds and manifold systems include general purpose, gas, pneumatic or compressed air, pneumatic or vacuum, water, steam, marine, coolant, refrigerant, cryogenic, high temperature, hydraulic fluid, oil or fuel, slurry, high viscosity, general chemical, corrosive or solvent chemical, sanitary, food processing, and medical or pharmaceutical. Important port specifications to consider when searching for manifolds and manifold systems include supply ports, outlet ports, and port types. Supply ports are the number of independent fluid supplies that can be interfaced with the manifold or manifold system. Outlet ports specify the number of outlets. This is frequently specified as number of ports or valves that are or can be attached to the manifold.  Port type choices include # 10-32 NPT, 1/8” NPT, ¼” NPT, 3/8” NPT, ½” NPT, ¾” NPT, 1” NPT, 1 ½” NPT, 2” NPT, BSPT, quick-connect, and metric thread.  Flow and pressure specifications that are important to consider when selecting manifolds and manifold systems include maximum flow for gas or air, maximum flow for liquid, and maximum pressure.

With manifolds and manifold systems, the manifold circuit style can be series or parallel. In a series manifold, the pressure supply is ported through one valve to get to the next.  In a parallel manifold, the inlet ports all share common pressure supply. Valve specifications to consider for manifolds and manifold systems include integral manifold valves, integral valve types, and solenoid valve power input.  Integral valves are integrally assembled with the manifold, as opposed to a base or subplate to which separate valves are attached.  Integral valve choice types include manual, solenoid, and air pilot. Manual valves manually adjusted or actuated via knob, lever, or other manual device. Solenoid valves are opened and closed via a solenoid activated by an electrical signal. Includes all types of flow paths and proportional solenoid valves. Air pilot valves are actuated by a pneumatic signal. Some manifolds and manifold systems may carry additional product specifications.